國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織（英文：International Organization for Standardization，簡稱ISO，成立于1947年2月23日，是制作全世界工商業(yè)國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的各國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機(jī)構(gòu)代表的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建立機(jī)構(gòu)，總部設(shè)于瑞士日內(nèi)瓦，成員包括162個會員國。該組織自我定義為非政府組織，官方語言是英語、法語和俄語。參加者包括各會員國的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機(jī)構(gòu)和主要公司。
ISO會員分布圖。綠色是會員（members），黑色是非會員，黃色是通訊會員（correspondent members），紅色是預(yù)定加入會員（subscriber members）。
中華人民共和國在1978年9月1日以中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化協(xié)會的名義參加ISO，并在1982年9月當(dāng)選并連任理事國（1983年～1994年）。1985年和1989年，分別改由國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局和國家技術(shù)監(jiān)督局參加。2001年起，在ISO代表中華人民共和國會籍的會員機(jī)構(gòu)是國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會。
香港和澳門均是ISO通訊成員（correspondent members）。
中華民國原是ISO創(chuàng)始國之一，但目前中華民國已不是ISO成員，但《中華民國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》通常仍參考ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
ISO與負(fù)責(zé)電子設(shè)備標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的國際電工委員會密切合作。
ISO的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以數(shù)字表示。例如，“ISO 11180:1993”的“11180”是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)號碼，而“1993”是出版年份。
國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織的簡稱ISO來自于希臘語的單詞isos，意為“相同”，并不是英語或法語名稱的縮寫。
2013年09月21日中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化專家委員會委員、國際鋼鐵協(xié)會副主席張曉剛，日前當(dāng)選國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織（ISO）主席，是ISO自1947年成立以來首由中國人任主席。ISO是國際經(jīng)貿(mào)活動的重要規(guī)則。59歲的張曉剛，曾任鞍鋼集團(tuán)總經(jīng)理，是中共十八屆紀(jì)委委員。
因?yàn)橹形牟皇荌SO的官方語言，所以ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沒有正式中文名稱。
ISO是一個國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織，其成員由來自世界上100多個國家的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化團(tuán)體組成，代表中國參加ISO的國家機(jī)構(gòu)是國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局。ISO與國際電工委員會（IEC）有密切的聯(lián)系，中國參加IEC的國家機(jī)構(gòu)也是國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局。ISO和IEC作為一個整體擔(dān)負(fù)著制訂全球協(xié)商一致的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的任務(wù)，ISO和IEC都是非政府機(jī)構(gòu)，它們制訂的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)質(zhì)上是自愿性的，這就意味著這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)必須是優(yōu)秀的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它們會給工業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)帶來收益，所以他們自覺使用這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。ISO和IEC不是聯(lián)合國機(jī)構(gòu)，但它們與聯(lián)合國的許多專門機(jī)構(gòu)保持技術(shù)聯(lián)絡(luò)關(guān)系。ISO和IEC有約1000個專業(yè)技術(shù)委員會和分委員會，各會員國以國家為單位參加這些技術(shù)委員會和分委員會的活動。ISO和IEC還有約3000個工作組，ISO、IEC每年制訂和修訂1000個國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的內(nèi)容涉及廣泛，從基礎(chǔ)的緊固件、軸承各種原材料到半成品和成品，其技術(shù)領(lǐng)域涉及信息技術(shù)、交通運(yùn)輸、農(nóng)業(yè)、保健和環(huán)境等。每個工作機(jī)構(gòu)都有自己的工作計劃，該計劃列出需要制訂的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)項(xiàng)目（試驗(yàn)方法、術(shù)語、規(guī)格、性能要求等）。
ISO的主要功能是為人們制訂國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)達(dá)成一致意見提供一種機(jī)制。其主要機(jī)構(gòu)及運(yùn)作規(guī)則都在一本名為ISO/IEC技術(shù)工作導(dǎo)則的文件中予以規(guī)定，其技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)在ISO是有800個技術(shù)委員會和分委員會，它們各有一個主席和一個秘書處，秘書處是由各成員國分別擔(dān)任，目前承擔(dān)秘書國工作的成員團(tuán)體有30個，各秘書處與位于日內(nèi)瓦的ISO中央秘書處保持直接聯(lián)系。
通過這些工作機(jī)構(gòu)，ISO已經(jīng)發(fā)布了17000多個國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如ISO公制螺紋、ISO的A4紙張尺寸、ISO的集裝箱系列（目前世界上95%的海運(yùn)集裝箱都符合ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）、ISO的膠片速度代碼、ISO的開放系統(tǒng)互聯(lián)（OS2）系列（廣泛用于信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域）和有名的ISO9000質(zhì)量管理系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
此外，ISO還與450個國際和區(qū)域的組織在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方面有聯(lián)絡(luò)關(guān)系，特別與國際電信聯(lián)盟（ITU）有密切聯(lián)系。在ISO/IEC系統(tǒng)之外的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機(jī)構(gòu)共有28個。每個機(jī)構(gòu)都在某一領(lǐng)域制訂一些國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通常它們在聯(lián)合國控制之下。一個典型的例子就是世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）。ISO/IEC 制訂的85%的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，剩下的15%由這28個其他國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機(jī)構(gòu)制訂。
國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化活動最早開始于電子領(lǐng)域，于1906年成立了世界上最早的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化機(jī)構(gòu)——國際電工委員會（IEC）。其他技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的工作原先有成立于1926年的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化協(xié)會的國際聯(lián)盟（International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations，簡稱ISA）承擔(dān)，重點(diǎn)在于機(jī)械工程方面。ISA的工作由于二次大戰(zhàn)在1942年終止。1946年，來自25個國家的代表在倫敦召開會議，決定成立一個新的國際組織，其目的是促進(jìn)國際間的合作和工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的統(tǒng)一。于是，ISO這一新組織于1947年2月23日正式成立，總部設(shè)在瑞士的日內(nèi)瓦。ISO于1951年發(fā)布了第一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——工業(yè)長度測量用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考溫度。
ISO宗旨是：在世界范圍內(nèi)促進(jìn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作的發(fā)展，以利于國際物資交流和互助，并擴(kuò)大知識、科學(xué)、技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的合作。
ISO主要任務(wù)是：制定國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，協(xié)調(diào)世界范圍內(nèi)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作，與其他國際性組織合作研究有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化問題。
ISO組織機(jī)構(gòu)如下：
合格評定委員會（CASCO）
消費(fèi)者政策委員會（COPOLCO）
發(fā)展中國家事務(wù)委員會（DEVCO）
信息系統(tǒng)和服務(wù)委員會（INFCO）
特別咨詢小組
ISO的組織結(jié)構(gòu)
ISO的組織結(jié)構(gòu)
技術(shù)管理局
技術(shù)委員會TC
理事會
中央秘書處
ISO全體大會
ISO的組織機(jī)構(gòu)分為非常設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)和常設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)。ISO的最高權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)是ISO全體大會（General Assembly），是ISO的非常設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)。1994年以前，全體大會每3年召開一次。全體大會召開時，所有ISO團(tuán)體成員、通信成員、與ISO有聯(lián)絡(luò)關(guān)系的國際組織均派代表與會，每個成員有3個正式代表的席位，多于3位以的代表以觀察員的身份與會；全體大會的規(guī)模大約200～260人。大會的主要議程包括年度報告中涉及的有關(guān)項(xiàng)目的活動情況、ISO的戰(zhàn)略計劃以及財政情況等。ISO中央秘書處承擔(dān)全體大會、全體大會設(shè)立的4個政策制定委員會、理事會、技術(shù)管理局和通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化原理委員會的秘書處的工作。自1994年開始根據(jù)ISO新章程，ISO全體大會改為一年一次。
ISO的主要官員有5位，他們是：ISO主席（President）；ISO副主席（政策）（Vice President，Policy），ISO副主席（技術(shù)）（Vice President，Technical Management）；ISO司庫（Treasurer）；ISO秘書長（Secretary—General），所有主要官員由理事會任命，享有終身任期；ISO秘書長負(fù)責(zé)主持ISO的日常工作。
國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由技術(shù)委員會(TC)和分技術(shù)委員會(SC)經(jīng)過六個階段形成：
第一階段：申請階段；
第二階段：預(yù)備階段；
第三階段：委員會階段；
第四階段：審查階段；
第五階段：批準(zhǔn)階段；
第六階段：發(fā)布階段。
截止2013年5月，ISO共有163個成員國[2]。
ISO Members by Country
Country A2 Code Country A3 Code Country Code No. Country Name (English) Standards Body ISO Status
AF AFG 004 Afghanistan ANSA Correspondent Member
AL ALB 008 Albania DPS Correspondent Member
DZ DZA 012 Algeria IANOR Member Body
AD AND 020 Andorra IRAM Member Body
AO AGO 024 Angola IANORQ Correspondent Member
AG ATG 028 Antigua & Barbuda ABBS Subscriber Member
AR ARG 032 Argentina IRAM Member Body
AM ARM 051 Armenia SARM Member Body
AU AUS 036 Australia SA Member Body
AT AUT 040 Austria ON Member Body
AZ AZE 031 Azerbaijan AZSTAND Member Body
BS BHS 044 Bahamas - [1]
BH BHR 048 Bahrain BMSD Member Body
BD BGD 050 Bangladesh BSTI Member Body
BB BRB 052 Barbados BNSI Member Body
BY BLR 112 Belarus BELST Member Body
BE BEL 056 Belgium NBN Member Body
BZ BLZ 084 Belize - [1]
BJ BEN 204 Benin CEBENOR Correspondent Member
BT BTN 064 Bhutan SQCA Correspondent Member
BO BOL 068 Bolivia IBNORCA Correspondent Member
BA BIH 070 Bosnia & Herzegovina BASMP Member Body
BW BWA 072 Botswana BOBS Member Body
BR BRA 076 Brazil ABNT Member Body
BN BRB 096 Brunei Darussalam CPRU Correspondent Member
BG BGR 100 Bulgaria BDS Member Body
BF BFA 854 Burkina Faso FASONORM Correspondent Member
BI BDI 108 Burundi BBN Subscriber Member
KH KHM 116 Cambodia ISC Subscriber Member
CM CMR 120 Cameroon CDNQ Correspondent Member
CA CAN 124 Canada SCC Member Body
CV CPV 132 Cape Verde - [1]
CF CAF 140 Central African Republic - [1]
TD TCD 148 Chad - [1]
CL CHL 52 Chile INN Member Body
CN CHN 156 China SAC Member Body
CO COL 170 Colombia ICONTEC Member Body
KM COM 174 Comoros - [1]
CG COG 178 Congo, Republic of the - [1]
CD(ZR) COD 180 Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Zaire) OCC Member Body
CR CRI 188 Costa Rica INTECO Member Body
CI CIV 384 C?te d'Ivoire CODINORM Member Body
HR HRV 191 Croatia HZN Member Body
CU CUB 192 Cuba NC Member Body
CY CYP 196 Cyprus CYS Member Body
CZ CZE 203 Czech Republic CNI Member Body
DK DNK 208 Denmark DS Member Body
DJ DJI 262 Djibouti - [1]
DM DMA 212 Dominica DBOS Subscriber Member
DO DOM 214 Dominican Republic DIGINOR Correspondent Member
EC ECU 218 Ecuador INEN Member Body
EG EGY 818 Egypt EOS Member Body
SV SLV 222 El Salvador CONACYT Correspondent Member
GQ GNQ 226 Equatorial Guinea - [1]
ER ERI 232 Eritrea ESI Correspondent Member
EE EST 233 Estonia EVS Correspondent Member
ET ETH 231 Ethiopia QSAE Member Body
FJ FJI 242 Fiji FTSQCO Member Body
FI FIN 246 Finland SFS Member Body
FR FRA 250 France AFNOR Member Body
GA GAB 266 Gabon CNTT Correspondent Member
GM GMB 270 Gambia, The - [1]
GE GEO 268 Georgia GEOSTM Correspondent Member
DE DEU 276 Germany DIN Member Body
GH GHA 288 Ghana GSB Member Body
GR GRC 300 Greece ELOT Member Body
GD GRD 308 Grenada - [1]
GT GTM 320 Guatemala COGUANOR Correspondent Member
GN GIN 324 Guinea INNM Correspondent Member
GW GNB 624 Guinea-Bissau DSNPQ Correspondent Member
GY GUY 328 Guyana GNBS Subscriber Member
HT HTI 332 Haiti - [1]
HN HND 340 Honduras COHCIT Subscriber Member
HK HKG 344 Hong Kong, China ITCHKSAR Correspondent Member
HU HUN 348 Hungary MSZT Member Body
IS ISL 352 Iceland IST Member Body
IN IND 356 India BIS Member Body
ID IDN 360 Indonesia BSN Member Body
IR IRN 364 Iran, Islamic Republic of ISIRTI Member Body
IQ IRW 368 Iraq COSQC Member Body
IE IRL 372 Ireland NSAI Member Body
IL ISR 376 Israel SII Member Body
IT ITA 380 Italy UNI Member Body
JM JAM 388 Jamaica JBS Member Body
JP JPN 392 Japan JISC Member Body
JO JOR 400 Jordan JISM Member Body
KZ KAZ 398 Kazakhstan KAZMEMST Member Body
KE KEN 404 Kenya KEBS Member Body
KI KIR 296 Kiribati - [1]
KP PRK 408 Korea, Democratic People's Republic CSK Member Body
KR KOR 410 Korea, Republic of KATS Member Body
KW KWT 414 Kuwait KOWSMD Member Body
KG KGZ 417 Kyrgyzstan KYRGYZST Correspondent Member
LA LAO 418 Laos (Lao People's Democratic Republic) DISM Subscriber Member
LV LVA 428 Latvia LVS Correspondent Member
LB LBN 422 Lebanon LIBNOR Member Body
LS LSO 426 Lesotho LSQAS Subscriber Member
LR LBR 430 Liberia - [1]
LY LBY 434 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya LNCSM Member Body
LI LIE 438 Liechtenstein - [1]
LT LTU 440 Lithuania LST Correspondent Member
LU LUX 442 Luxembourg SEE Member Body
MO MAC 446 Macau (Macau China) CPTTM Correspondent Member
MK MKD 807 Macedonia, The former Yugoslav Republic of ISRM Member Body
MG MDG 450 Madagascar BNM Correspondent Member
MW MWI 454 Malawi MBS Correspondent Member
MY MYS 458 Malaysia DSM Member Body
MV MDV 462 Maldives - [1]
ML MLI 466 Mali MLIDNI Correspondent Member
MT MLT 470 Malta MSA Member Body
MH MHL 584 Marshall Islands - [1]
MR MRT 478 Mauritania - [1]
MU MUS 480 Mauritius MSB Member Body
MX MEX 484 Mexico DGN Member Body
FM FSM 583 Micronesia, Federated States Of - [1]
MD MDA 498 Moldova, Republic of MOLDST Correspondent Member
MC MCO 492 Monaco - [1]
MN MNG 496 Mongolia MASM Member Body
(YS)[2] - - Montenegro ISME Correspondent Member
MA MAR 504 Morocco SNIMA Member Body
MZ MOZ 508 Mozambique INNOQ Correspondent Member
MM MMR 104 Myanmar MSTRD Correspondent Member
NA NAM 516 Namibia NSIQO Correspondent Member
NR NRU 520 Nauru - [1]
NP NPL 524 Nepal NBSM Correspondent Member
NL NLD 528 The Netherlands NEN Member Body
NZ NZL 554 New Zealand SNZ Member Body
NI NIC 558 Nicaragua DTNM Correspondent Member
NE NER 562 Niger DNQM Correspondent Member
NG NGA 566 Nigeria SON Member Body
NO NOR 578 Norway SN Member Body
OM OMN 512 Oman DGSM Member Body
PK PAK 586 Pakistan PSQCA Member Body
PW PLW 585 Palau - [1]
PS PSE 275 Palestinian State[3] PSI Correspondent Member
PA PAN 591 Panama COPANIT Member Body
PG PNG 598 Papua New Guinea NISIT Correspondent Member
PY PRY 600 Paraguay INTN Correspondent Member
PE PER 604 Peru INDECOPI Member Body
PH PHL 608 The Philippines BPS Member Body
PL POL 616 Poland PKN Member Body
PT PRT 620 Portugal IPQ Member Body
QA QAT 634 Qatar QS Member Body
RO ROU 642 Romania ASRO Member Body
RU RUS 643 Russian Federation GOST R Member Body
RW RWA 646 Rwanda RBS Correspondent Member
KN KNA 659 St. Kitts & Nevis - [1]
LC LCA 662 St. Lucia SLBS Member Body
VC VCT 670 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines SVGBS Subscriber Member
WS WSM 882 Samoa - [1]
SM SMR 674 San Marino - [1]
ST STP 678 S?o Tomé & Príncipe - [1]
SA SAU 682 Saudi Arabia SASO Member Body
SN SEN 686 Senegal ASN Correspondent Member
CS SCG 891 Serbia ISS Member Body
SC SYC 690 Seychelles SBS Correspondent Member
SL SLE 694 Sierra Leone - [1]
SG SGP 702 Singapore SPRING SG Member Body
SK SVK 703 Slovakia SUTN Member Body
SI SVN 705 Slovenia SIST Member Body
SB SLB 090 Solomon Islands - [1]
SO SOM 706 Somalia - [1]
ZA ZAF 710 South Africa SABS Member Body
ES ESP 724 Spain AENOR [1]. Member Body
LK LKA 144 Sri Lanka SLSI Member Body
SD SDN 736 Sudan SSMO Member Body
SR SUR 740 Suriname SSB Subscriber member
SZ SWZ 748 Swaziland SQAS Correspondent Member
SE SWE 752 Sweden SIS Member Body
CH CHE 756 Switzerland SNV Member Body
SY SYR 760 Syrian Arab Republic SASMO Member Body
TW TWN 158 Taiwan - [1]
TJ TJK 762 Tajikistan TJKSTN Correspondent Member
TZ TZA 834 Tanzania, United Republic of TBS Member Body
TH THA 764 Thailand TISI Member Body
TL(TP) TLS 206 Timor Leste, Democratic Republic of (East Timor) - [1]
TG TGO 768 Togo CSN Correspondent Member
TO TON 776 Tonga - [1]
TT TTO 780 Trinidad & Tobago TTBS Member Body
TN TUN 788 Tunisia INNORPI Member Body
TR TUR 792 Turkey TSE Member Body
TM TKM 795 Turkmenistan MSST Correspondent Member
TV TUV 798 Tuvalu - [1]
UG UGA 800 Uganda UNBS Correspondent Member
UA UKR 804 Ukraine DSSU Member Body
AE ARE 784 United Arab Emirates ESMA Member Body
UK GBR 826 United Kingdom (Great Britain) BSI Member Body [4][5]
US USA 840 United States ANSI Member Body
UY URY 858 Uruguay UNIT Member Body
UZ UZB 860 Uzbekistan UZSTANDARD Member Body
VU VUT 548 Vanuatu - [1]
VA VAT 336 Vatican City (Holy See) - [1]
VE VEN 862 Venezuela FONDONORMA Member Body
VN VNM 704 Vietnam TCVN Member Body
EH ESH 732 Western Sahara - [1]
YE YEM 887 Yemen YSMO Correspondent Member
ZM ZMB 894 Zambia ZABS Correspondent Member
ZW ZWE 816 Zimbabwe SAZ Member Body
1.Does not have representation in ISO under any membership class as of January 2008.
2.Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia were part of Former Yugoslavia. Although it is a country, ISO 3166-1993 (E) does not separately list Montenegro.
3.Although not technically a Country, the Palestinian State has representation in ISO as if it was.
4.Although technically the official country name for the 'UK' is the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland' it is referred to as 'Great Britain' by the ISO.
5.Although technically they are Countries, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are not listed separately from Great Britain in ISO 3166-1993 (E) and do not have their own ISO representation.
